Publicação
Manufacturing and experimental validation of an ultrasonic extraction process
| Resumo: | In chemistry, extraction is the process of separating a substance from a matrix, this includes liquid-liquid extraction and solid-liquid extraction. It is known that this process has existed since ancient times, the extraction of natural dyes derived from plants, invertebrates or minerals dates back to the Neolithic period, where locals essentially used this type of process in textile materials. In the nineteenth century with the discovery of synthetic dyes, the demand for natural dyes was reversed and quickly replaced by these mass-produced synthetic dyes driven by the industrial revolution of the time. Today, in the 21st century, the search for natural dyes has been reborn, largely due to the environmental awareness campaign that has been put in place all over the world. Ultrasound technology consists of using sound waves to trigger a reaction called cavitation, the high temperatures and pressures reached during the process allows the intracellular material from the solution to be extracted. Therefore, in order to achieve the objective of the work, that is, the manufacture and experimental validation of an ultrasonic silver skin extraction process, we started by collecting all the existing information about the caffeine extraction from the silver skin. as well as the operation of an ultrasound extraction equipment to better understand the entire process. It is important to mention that this work is the continuation of a previous work, so some concepts and conclusions are based on the referred work. After gathering and analyzing the information provided by the work referred to in the paragraph above, the mechanical design was planned for the entire process, and it was concluded that the arrangement of the equipment elements would have to be changed as well, some new ones needed to be added, such as an extra reservoir. After agreeing with the new layout of the equipment, the 3D modeling of the equipment was built. After the validation of the model and its components, it was time to build the equipment, in this step, it’s important to highlight the valuable help of Terrofil SA, the company that built and assisted in the mechanical design of the equipment. After the construction of the equipment, tests were continued in order to report the behavior of the machine. After some tests some problems were obtained, that is, due to the viscosity of the silver skin, the solenoid valves eventually clogged, not allowing the process to proceed correctly. In addition to this, an o-ring present on pump 2 tore, making the pump not usable. So, we had to find a solution with Terrofil SA, they undertook to exchange the solenoid valves for manual ball valves (with the possibility of adding the electric part in the future) at no cost to the project. to replace the pump 2. However, in the tests performed it was possible to obtain twice the concentration in the solvent after sonication with ultrasound. |
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| Autores principais: | Martins, Pedro Diogo Machado |
| Assunto: | Extraction Manufacture Project Ultrasound Extração Manufatura Projeto Ultrassom Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Mecânica |
| Ano: | 2019 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | dissertação de mestrado |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade do Minho |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | RepositóriUM - Universidade do Minho |
| Resumo: | In chemistry, extraction is the process of separating a substance from a matrix, this includes liquid-liquid extraction and solid-liquid extraction. It is known that this process has existed since ancient times, the extraction of natural dyes derived from plants, invertebrates or minerals dates back to the Neolithic period, where locals essentially used this type of process in textile materials. In the nineteenth century with the discovery of synthetic dyes, the demand for natural dyes was reversed and quickly replaced by these mass-produced synthetic dyes driven by the industrial revolution of the time. Today, in the 21st century, the search for natural dyes has been reborn, largely due to the environmental awareness campaign that has been put in place all over the world. Ultrasound technology consists of using sound waves to trigger a reaction called cavitation, the high temperatures and pressures reached during the process allows the intracellular material from the solution to be extracted. Therefore, in order to achieve the objective of the work, that is, the manufacture and experimental validation of an ultrasonic silver skin extraction process, we started by collecting all the existing information about the caffeine extraction from the silver skin. as well as the operation of an ultrasound extraction equipment to better understand the entire process. It is important to mention that this work is the continuation of a previous work, so some concepts and conclusions are based on the referred work. After gathering and analyzing the information provided by the work referred to in the paragraph above, the mechanical design was planned for the entire process, and it was concluded that the arrangement of the equipment elements would have to be changed as well, some new ones needed to be added, such as an extra reservoir. After agreeing with the new layout of the equipment, the 3D modeling of the equipment was built. After the validation of the model and its components, it was time to build the equipment, in this step, it’s important to highlight the valuable help of Terrofil SA, the company that built and assisted in the mechanical design of the equipment. After the construction of the equipment, tests were continued in order to report the behavior of the machine. After some tests some problems were obtained, that is, due to the viscosity of the silver skin, the solenoid valves eventually clogged, not allowing the process to proceed correctly. In addition to this, an o-ring present on pump 2 tore, making the pump not usable. So, we had to find a solution with Terrofil SA, they undertook to exchange the solenoid valves for manual ball valves (with the possibility of adding the electric part in the future) at no cost to the project. to replace the pump 2. However, in the tests performed it was possible to obtain twice the concentration in the solvent after sonication with ultrasound. |
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