Publicação
Study of sardine oil antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties for the development of topical therapeutic and cosmetic formulations
| Resumo: | In Portugal sardine fishery is one of the oldest and the most important pelagic resource from Portuguese mainland, both economically and socially. The sardines have important nutritional characteristics, being an excellent source of vitamins, proteins, lipids and minerals with proven benefits for human health, being rich in ω-3-PUFAs, namely, EPA and DHA. Studies reported that there is a direct link between a diet enriched in ω-3-PUFAs and the prevention of many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, inflammatory conditions, mental disorders and prevention of various types of cancer. The aim of this work was to characterize the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of sardine oil for the development of formulations for topical application. To evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of sardine oil in skin, human fibroblasts (BJ-5ta), human melanocytes (A375 and B), human keratinocytes (NCTC2544) and human monocytes (THP-1) were used. The cytotoxicity studies showed that for higher concentrations of SO and SO+αT cell viability decreased. However the effect of SO+αT in keratinocytes was the opposite of melanocytes. Regarding PUFAs, concentrations higher than 0.025 mg/ml exhibited toxicity to both cell lines. In proliferation assays, melanocytes suffer an inhibition of cell proliferation at concentrations above 4 mg/ml in SO. However, for the SO+αT cell proliferation increases with increasing concentration. In keratinocytes, the negative effect on cell proliferation when cells were incubated under same conditions was more marked. The cell proliferation profiles with PUFAs and PUFAs+αT were marked by inhibition in both cells lines, with more impact in melanocytes. The lowest concentrations, 0.5 and 4 mg/ml, were tested to evaluate the protective role of sardine oil in the context of induced oxidative stress. Both concentrations were able to protect cells from damage with a more pronounced effect in keratinocytes. Moreover the incubation of cells with the sardine oil was able to induce expression of several cytoprotective enzymes and also the transcription factor Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) – which plays a crucial role in the coordinated induction of many stress-responsive genes. The lowest concentrations of sardine oil were tested on human fibroblasts and monocytes to evaluate their effect on inflammation and sardine oil showed to have anti-inflammatory potential as it can reduce production of pro-inflammatory cytokine in cells stimulated with LPS. The effect of sardine oil using three different assays (NaOH/DMSO, fluorescence and tyrosinase activity) on melanin synthesis was not clear. Only using the fluorescence based method for melanin assessment, the sardine oil showed to have some positive effect over melanin synthesis in human melanoma cells. The results opened the opportunity to develop new therapeutic and cosmetic applications based on sardine-derived compounds. Their incorporation in topical creams may contribute to a better, more natural treatment of inflammation and in the prevention of skin aging. |
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| Autores principais: | Borges, C. |
| Assunto: | Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Química Ciências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas |
| Ano: | 2015 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | dissertação de mestrado |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade do Minho |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | RepositóriUM - Universidade do Minho |
| Resumo: | In Portugal sardine fishery is one of the oldest and the most important pelagic resource from Portuguese mainland, both economically and socially. The sardines have important nutritional characteristics, being an excellent source of vitamins, proteins, lipids and minerals with proven benefits for human health, being rich in ω-3-PUFAs, namely, EPA and DHA. Studies reported that there is a direct link between a diet enriched in ω-3-PUFAs and the prevention of many diseases such as cardiovascular disease, inflammatory conditions, mental disorders and prevention of various types of cancer. The aim of this work was to characterize the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory role of sardine oil for the development of formulations for topical application. To evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of sardine oil in skin, human fibroblasts (BJ-5ta), human melanocytes (A375 and B), human keratinocytes (NCTC2544) and human monocytes (THP-1) were used. The cytotoxicity studies showed that for higher concentrations of SO and SO+αT cell viability decreased. However the effect of SO+αT in keratinocytes was the opposite of melanocytes. Regarding PUFAs, concentrations higher than 0.025 mg/ml exhibited toxicity to both cell lines. In proliferation assays, melanocytes suffer an inhibition of cell proliferation at concentrations above 4 mg/ml in SO. However, for the SO+αT cell proliferation increases with increasing concentration. In keratinocytes, the negative effect on cell proliferation when cells were incubated under same conditions was more marked. The cell proliferation profiles with PUFAs and PUFAs+αT were marked by inhibition in both cells lines, with more impact in melanocytes. The lowest concentrations, 0.5 and 4 mg/ml, were tested to evaluate the protective role of sardine oil in the context of induced oxidative stress. Both concentrations were able to protect cells from damage with a more pronounced effect in keratinocytes. Moreover the incubation of cells with the sardine oil was able to induce expression of several cytoprotective enzymes and also the transcription factor Nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) – which plays a crucial role in the coordinated induction of many stress-responsive genes. The lowest concentrations of sardine oil were tested on human fibroblasts and monocytes to evaluate their effect on inflammation and sardine oil showed to have anti-inflammatory potential as it can reduce production of pro-inflammatory cytokine in cells stimulated with LPS. The effect of sardine oil using three different assays (NaOH/DMSO, fluorescence and tyrosinase activity) on melanin synthesis was not clear. Only using the fluorescence based method for melanin assessment, the sardine oil showed to have some positive effect over melanin synthesis in human melanoma cells. The results opened the opportunity to develop new therapeutic and cosmetic applications based on sardine-derived compounds. Their incorporation in topical creams may contribute to a better, more natural treatment of inflammation and in the prevention of skin aging. |
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