Publicação
Novel yeast biosensors for environmental monitoring
| Resumo: | Agriculture is a human activity with high impact in the environment. Due to a constant demand for a high and stable crop production, pesticides and other chemicals have been extensively applied in the environment in order to control pests, weeds and pathogens. However, after decades of worldwide usage, their side-effects on the ecosystems are obvious. Many of these chemicals are frequently detected in the aquatic environment. Specifically, modern agriculture has become strongly dependent on fungicides since they can inhibit fungal pathogens with high efficacy. On the other hand, several studies demonstrated that fungicides change the microbial communities responsible for important ecological processes. Additionally, the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of fungicides in the European Union (EU) may not be sufficiently protective for fungi. In order to streamline fungicide detection in aqueous samples, the aim of this project is to develop novel easy-to-use biosensors to detect the presence of selected fungicides in aquatic samples. Six fungicides applied in vineyards, a key culture from northern Portugal, were selected based on relevance, ecotoxicity and mode of action: tebuconazole, myclobutanil, cymoxanil, azoxystrobin, and metalaxyl. First, general and specific effects of the selected fungicides on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were determined. Then, based on the most promising data obtained, yeast reporter strains were designed. |
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| Autores principais: | Carvalho, Carla Sofia Costa |
| Assunto: | Ciências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais |
| Ano: | 2018 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | dissertação de mestrado |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso restrito |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade do Minho |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | RepositóriUM - Universidade do Minho |
| Resumo: | Agriculture is a human activity with high impact in the environment. Due to a constant demand for a high and stable crop production, pesticides and other chemicals have been extensively applied in the environment in order to control pests, weeds and pathogens. However, after decades of worldwide usage, their side-effects on the ecosystems are obvious. Many of these chemicals are frequently detected in the aquatic environment. Specifically, modern agriculture has become strongly dependent on fungicides since they can inhibit fungal pathogens with high efficacy. On the other hand, several studies demonstrated that fungicides change the microbial communities responsible for important ecological processes. Additionally, the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of fungicides in the European Union (EU) may not be sufficiently protective for fungi. In order to streamline fungicide detection in aqueous samples, the aim of this project is to develop novel easy-to-use biosensors to detect the presence of selected fungicides in aquatic samples. Six fungicides applied in vineyards, a key culture from northern Portugal, were selected based on relevance, ecotoxicity and mode of action: tebuconazole, myclobutanil, cymoxanil, azoxystrobin, and metalaxyl. First, general and specific effects of the selected fungicides on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were determined. Then, based on the most promising data obtained, yeast reporter strains were designed. |
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