Publicação
Essays on smoking inequalities
| Resumo: | ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Smoking is concentrated in more deprived individuals and the morbidity and mortality associated with tobacco use would consequently be disproportionately distributed across society. This thesis aims to (1) measure the socioeconomic (SE) inequalities in smoking, their evolution over the recent years, and its consequences on health in Portugal; (2) investigate how smoking inequalities emerge, namely during adolescence. METHODS: Firstly, a SE indicator was built with census data, using factor analyses, and its association with tobacco-related diseases (TRDs) was measured. Secondly, Portuguese SE inequalities on smoking were measured through odds ratios, relative inequality indexes, and concentration indexes. Thirdly, using SILNE survey the association of parental smoking with children smoking was measured, and if the probability of smoking changed with future expectations. Fifthly, if the relations were different across socioeconomic status (SES). RESULTS: The results showed that the Portuguese SE inequalities in smoking reverted over the 1987 to 2006 period for men, and that there are worrisome inequality trends among the youngest generations. This impacted the prevalence of TRDs in Portugal, with the upper-social-class areas having a lower prevalence of TRDs. The association between parents and children smoking was similar across SES. Expectations about the future were important for smoking, independently of SES. CONCLUSIONS: Portugal is in an earlier phase of the tobacco epidemic, comparing with other European countries. The similar association between parents and children smoking behaviour across different SES, and the independent effect of future expectations on smoking, only justified the persistence of inequalities, but not their increase. |
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| Autores principais: | Alves, Joana Rita Ramalho |
| Assunto: | Socioeconomic status Inequalities Smoking Estatuto socioeconómico Desigualdades Tabagismo |
| Ano: | 2016 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | tese de doutoramento |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade Nova de Lisboa |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório Institucional da UNL |
| Resumo: | ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Smoking is concentrated in more deprived individuals and the morbidity and mortality associated with tobacco use would consequently be disproportionately distributed across society. This thesis aims to (1) measure the socioeconomic (SE) inequalities in smoking, their evolution over the recent years, and its consequences on health in Portugal; (2) investigate how smoking inequalities emerge, namely during adolescence. METHODS: Firstly, a SE indicator was built with census data, using factor analyses, and its association with tobacco-related diseases (TRDs) was measured. Secondly, Portuguese SE inequalities on smoking were measured through odds ratios, relative inequality indexes, and concentration indexes. Thirdly, using SILNE survey the association of parental smoking with children smoking was measured, and if the probability of smoking changed with future expectations. Fifthly, if the relations were different across socioeconomic status (SES). RESULTS: The results showed that the Portuguese SE inequalities in smoking reverted over the 1987 to 2006 period for men, and that there are worrisome inequality trends among the youngest generations. This impacted the prevalence of TRDs in Portugal, with the upper-social-class areas having a lower prevalence of TRDs. The association between parents and children smoking was similar across SES. Expectations about the future were important for smoking, independently of SES. CONCLUSIONS: Portugal is in an earlier phase of the tobacco epidemic, comparing with other European countries. The similar association between parents and children smoking behaviour across different SES, and the independent effect of future expectations on smoking, only justified the persistence of inequalities, but not their increase. |
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