Publicação

Nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections in patients with immunosuppression

Detalhes bibliográficos
Resumo:	Background: This post-hoc analysis of a multinational, multicenter study aimed to describe and compare clinical characteristics, microbiology, and outcomes between immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed patients with nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections (nLRTI). The study utilized data from the European Network for ICU-related Respiratory Infections, including 1,060 adult ICU patients diagnosed with nLRTI. Descriptive statistics were used to compare baseline characteristics and pathogen distribution between groups. A Cox proportional hazards model stratified by immunosuppression status was applied to assess 28-day mortality risk, adjusting for disease severity and key clinical variables. Results: Immunosuppression was observed in 24.9% (264/1060) of the patients, and oncological conditions were the most common etiology of immunosuppression. Chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases were the most frequent comorbidities. In both groups, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant microorganism, particularly affecting patients with immunosuppression (25.3% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.032). Cox regression model adjusted for disease severity (SAPS II), polytraumatized status, altered consciousness, and postoperative status, SAPS II remained a strong independent predictor of mortality, with each one-point increase associated with a 2.3% higher risk of death (HR: 1.023, 95% CI 1.017–1.030, p < 0.001). The analysis also revealed significant heterogeneity in mortality risk among immunosuppressed patients, with hematological malignancies, recent chemotherapy, and bone marrow transplantation associated with the highest mortality. Conclusions: Immunosuppressed patients had a lower adjusted survival probability compared to non-immunosuppressed patients. Moreover, P. aeruginosa was the most frequently identified etiological pathogen in immunosuppressed patients.
Autores principais:	Reyes, Luis Felipe
Outros Autores:	Sanabria-Herrera, Natalia; Nseir, Saad; Ranzani, Otavio T.; Povoa, Pedro; Povoa, Pedro; Diaz, Emilio; Schultz, Marcus J.; Rodríguez, Alejandro; Serrano-Mayorga, Cristian C.; De Pascale, Gennaro; Navalesi, Paolo; Skoczynski, Szymon; Esperatti, Mariano; Coelho, Luis Miguel; Cortegiani, Andrea; Aliberti, Stefano; Caricato, Anselmo; Salzer, Helmut J.F.; Ceccato, Adrian; Civljak, Rok; Soave, Paolo Maurizio; Luyt, Charles Edouard; Ekren, Pervin Korkmaz; Rios, Fernando; Masclans, Joan Ramon; Marin, Judith; Iglesias-Moles, Silvia; Nava, Stefano; Chiumello, Davide; Bos, Lieuwe D.J.; Artigas, Antonio; Froes, Filipe; Grimaldi, David; Panigada, Mauro; Taccone, Fabio Silvio; Antonelli, Massimo; Torres, Antoni; Martin-Loeches, Ignacio; Martin-loeches, Prof. Ignacio
Assunto:	Critical care Immunosuppression Nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
Ano:	2025
País:	Portugal
Tipo de documento:	artigo
Tipo de acesso:	acesso aberto
Instituição associada:	Universidade Nova de Lisboa
Idioma:	inglês
Origem:	Repositório Institucional da UNL

Descrição
Resumo:	Background: This post-hoc analysis of a multinational, multicenter study aimed to describe and compare clinical characteristics, microbiology, and outcomes between immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed patients with nosocomial lower respiratory tract infections (nLRTI). The study utilized data from the European Network for ICU-related Respiratory Infections, including 1,060 adult ICU patients diagnosed with nLRTI. Descriptive statistics were used to compare baseline characteristics and pathogen distribution between groups. A Cox proportional hazards model stratified by immunosuppression status was applied to assess 28-day mortality risk, adjusting for disease severity and key clinical variables. Results: Immunosuppression was observed in 24.9% (264/1060) of the patients, and oncological conditions were the most common etiology of immunosuppression. Chronic pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases were the most frequent comorbidities. In both groups, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant microorganism, particularly affecting patients with immunosuppression (25.3% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.032). Cox regression model adjusted for disease severity (SAPS II), polytraumatized status, altered consciousness, and postoperative status, SAPS II remained a strong independent predictor of mortality, with each one-point increase associated with a 2.3% higher risk of death (HR: 1.023, 95% CI 1.017–1.030, p < 0.001). The analysis also revealed significant heterogeneity in mortality risk among immunosuppressed patients, with hematological malignancies, recent chemotherapy, and bone marrow transplantation associated with the highest mortality. Conclusions: Immunosuppressed patients had a lower adjusted survival probability compared to non-immunosuppressed patients. Moreover, P. aeruginosa was the most frequently identified etiological pathogen in immunosuppressed patients.