Publicação
Beyond discret biases : human judgment as a continuous interactive process
| Resumo: | This thesis aims to test the role that decision environments might play in the correction or maintenance of judgment and decision biases resulting from the use of heuristics. Building on the functional approach to heuristics, according to which the quality of judgments is determined by the quality of the feedback provided, we sought to test how the (biased) answers that people give in classic one-shot tasks (e.g., pseudodiagnosticity, anchoring, reasoning problems that involve a conflict between an heuristic and a deliberate response) evolve as a result of feedback (social or non-social) received in continuous learning environments (i.e., environments where people answer to several problems that are sequentially presented). It is proposed that feedback can contribute to correcting biases when, a) in continuous learning environments, it is immediate and valid, revealing the inadequacy of the strategies used (Chapter 2); or when (b) in social contexts, people are exposed to responses that are inconsistent with their own, given by others perceived as not competent or biased (Chapters 3 and 4). In contrast, biases tend to persist when decision environments keep people wrongly convinced of the appropriateness of their strategies. For example, when feedback received is incomplete or misleading (Chapter 2) or when others are perceived as competent and / or their answers match the heuristic-based responses that most naive participants already give by default (Chapter 4). |
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| Autores principais: | Reis, Joana |
| Assunto: | heuristics and biases kind and wicked decision environments epistemic vigilance social influence continuous learning contexts heurísticas e enviesamentos ambientes de decisão kind e wicked vigilância epistémica influência social ambientes de aprendizagem contínuos |
| Ano: | 2020 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | tese de doutoramento |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Lisboa |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| Resumo: | This thesis aims to test the role that decision environments might play in the correction or maintenance of judgment and decision biases resulting from the use of heuristics. Building on the functional approach to heuristics, according to which the quality of judgments is determined by the quality of the feedback provided, we sought to test how the (biased) answers that people give in classic one-shot tasks (e.g., pseudodiagnosticity, anchoring, reasoning problems that involve a conflict between an heuristic and a deliberate response) evolve as a result of feedback (social or non-social) received in continuous learning environments (i.e., environments where people answer to several problems that are sequentially presented). It is proposed that feedback can contribute to correcting biases when, a) in continuous learning environments, it is immediate and valid, revealing the inadequacy of the strategies used (Chapter 2); or when (b) in social contexts, people are exposed to responses that are inconsistent with their own, given by others perceived as not competent or biased (Chapters 3 and 4). In contrast, biases tend to persist when decision environments keep people wrongly convinced of the appropriateness of their strategies. For example, when feedback received is incomplete or misleading (Chapter 2) or when others are perceived as competent and / or their answers match the heuristic-based responses that most naive participants already give by default (Chapter 4). |
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