Publicação
Enraizamento de amora (Rubus sp.) para produção de fruta na época e fora de época
| Resumo: | With the increasing of blackberry production worldwide, the search for new production systems has been ceaseless. Considering the extension of vegetative growth in mild winter climates regions, from March until November, and the huge amounts of hardwood wasted with pruning, three trials were accomplished aiming to exploit these features. In the first trial, floricane stem cuttings of three blackberry cultivars, ‘Arapaho’, ‘Ouachita’ and ‘Karaka Black’, were taken on 15th February 2011 from three different positions in the cane: apical, mid, and basal sections, and rooted in substrate under intermittent moist conditions. The mean percentage of rooted stem cuttings differed significantly (P<0,05) between cultivars and cane position, with better results for top part of the cane than for bottom and middle parts. Differentiation state, lateral diameter and number of flower per lateral were not significantly different between treatments. It was observed that rotting occurred both from nodes and at base of the cuttings. After the fruiting lateral branch flowered, a vegetative behavior was observed with growth of several vegetative laterals. ‘Ouachita’ was the cultivar which produced the greater dry mass weight of vegetative laterals. Incomplete drupelet set was also observed. In a second trial, which studied the factors that could influence floricane stem cuttings rooting, hardhood cuttings of ‘Apache’ were rooted under three different conditions (light, sucrose and cut in the base of the axillary bud). Considering that none of these conditions led to roots production, the influence of each factor was studied based on the amount of callus formation. It was observed both for cuts in ends and in the base of the axillary bud of cuttings, that callus formation was dependent of light, with an increase of callus amount formed in its presence. The addition of sucrose negatively influenced the formation of callus at the base of cuttings. Lastly, a trial with nine blackberry cultivars of different types, (‘Olallie’, ‘Silvan’, ‘Karaka Black’, ‘Kotata’, ‘Boysenberry’, ‘Ouachita’, ‘Loch Tay’, ‘Chester Thornless’ and ‘Logan Thornless’) was conducted with the purpose of evaluate the cultivar suitability for double cropping in early spring and late autumn production, through production of long-cane from primocanes. For each cultivar, in half of plants, floricanes were suppressed and other half was maintained. Plants without floricanes did not produce more primocanes per plant than plants with floricanes. Plants without floricanes produced primocanes that had significantly greater cane lengths and node number but lower diameters. Relatively to rooting treatments, simple layering was the treatment who produced longer long-canes, except for ‘Ouachita’ where best results were obtained from layering 20 cm tipped primocanes. ‘Logan Thornless’ didn´t produced any long-cane. Considering the response of each cultivar to this new production system and their behavior in south-west Alentejo, the most adapted cultivars in each blackberry type are: ‘Karaka Black’ vii and ‘Olallie’ for trailing type, ‘Boysenberry’ for hybrids, ‘Ouachita’ to erect types and lastly ‘Chester Thornless’ to semi-erect types. |
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| Autores principais: | Gonçalves, Daniel Moreira |
| Assunto: | blackberry callus cuttings floricanes primocanes off season production |
| Ano: | 2011 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | dissertação de mestrado |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Lisboa |
| Idioma: | português |
| Origem: | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| Resumo: | With the increasing of blackberry production worldwide, the search for new production systems has been ceaseless. Considering the extension of vegetative growth in mild winter climates regions, from March until November, and the huge amounts of hardwood wasted with pruning, three trials were accomplished aiming to exploit these features. In the first trial, floricane stem cuttings of three blackberry cultivars, ‘Arapaho’, ‘Ouachita’ and ‘Karaka Black’, were taken on 15th February 2011 from three different positions in the cane: apical, mid, and basal sections, and rooted in substrate under intermittent moist conditions. The mean percentage of rooted stem cuttings differed significantly (P<0,05) between cultivars and cane position, with better results for top part of the cane than for bottom and middle parts. Differentiation state, lateral diameter and number of flower per lateral were not significantly different between treatments. It was observed that rotting occurred both from nodes and at base of the cuttings. After the fruiting lateral branch flowered, a vegetative behavior was observed with growth of several vegetative laterals. ‘Ouachita’ was the cultivar which produced the greater dry mass weight of vegetative laterals. Incomplete drupelet set was also observed. In a second trial, which studied the factors that could influence floricane stem cuttings rooting, hardhood cuttings of ‘Apache’ were rooted under three different conditions (light, sucrose and cut in the base of the axillary bud). Considering that none of these conditions led to roots production, the influence of each factor was studied based on the amount of callus formation. It was observed both for cuts in ends and in the base of the axillary bud of cuttings, that callus formation was dependent of light, with an increase of callus amount formed in its presence. The addition of sucrose negatively influenced the formation of callus at the base of cuttings. Lastly, a trial with nine blackberry cultivars of different types, (‘Olallie’, ‘Silvan’, ‘Karaka Black’, ‘Kotata’, ‘Boysenberry’, ‘Ouachita’, ‘Loch Tay’, ‘Chester Thornless’ and ‘Logan Thornless’) was conducted with the purpose of evaluate the cultivar suitability for double cropping in early spring and late autumn production, through production of long-cane from primocanes. For each cultivar, in half of plants, floricanes were suppressed and other half was maintained. Plants without floricanes did not produce more primocanes per plant than plants with floricanes. Plants without floricanes produced primocanes that had significantly greater cane lengths and node number but lower diameters. Relatively to rooting treatments, simple layering was the treatment who produced longer long-canes, except for ‘Ouachita’ where best results were obtained from layering 20 cm tipped primocanes. ‘Logan Thornless’ didn´t produced any long-cane. Considering the response of each cultivar to this new production system and their behavior in south-west Alentejo, the most adapted cultivars in each blackberry type are: ‘Karaka Black’ vii and ‘Olallie’ for trailing type, ‘Boysenberry’ for hybrids, ‘Ouachita’ to erect types and lastly ‘Chester Thornless’ to semi-erect types. |
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