Publicação
Physiological responses and long-term adaptations to exercise : exercise training, functional capacity, body composition, maximum dynamic strength, exercise economy, electrodermal activity, energy expenditure and anthropometric measurements in individuals with Down syndrome
| Resumo: | OBJECTIVES: Determine the chronic effects of exercise on body composition, functional capacity, exercise economy and dynamic muscle strength in adults with Down’s syndrome (DS). Explore differences, in electrodermal response to an acute exercise bout, between DS participants and healthy controls. Crossvalidate an energy expenditure estimating device for both, the DS and control group (CG). Crossvalidate an anthropometric equation for assessing body composition in DS individuals. METHODS: DS participants were assigned to one of the following groups: (1) indoor rowing aerobic program – EG1; (2) combined aerobic and dynamic strength conditioning program – EG2. Both exercise interventions had an absolute duration of 28 weeks. DS groups were compared with a paired CG before and after training for functional capacity and exercise economy. Body composition changes were determined by comparing the DS participants’ baseline and post-training values. DS group electrodermal response to exercise was assessed prior to training and compared with the values attained by the controls. Resting and submaximal energy expenditure estimates computed by the SenseWear Pro2 Armband™ (SWA) were crossvalidated with open circuit spirometry, for both the DS and the CG. Kelly & Rimmer, (1987) anthropometric body composition analysis was crossvalidated with bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIA) for DS individuals. RESULTS: EG1 and EG2 were similar for functional capacity before and after training, and these groups presented lower values than the CG at both assessment periods. However, after exercise intervention, relative peak oxygen consumption improved by 40.98% and by 23.73% for EG1 and EG2, respectively. At posttraining period, both EG1 and EG2 presented similar resting and submaximal cardiorespiratory economy as healthy controls. There were no body composition group differences at pre and post-training assessments. However, EG1 showed positive body composition modifications of 5.02% fat mass decrease and 6.46% fat free mass increase. EG2 showed upper and lower body dynamic strength differences after intervention. Both the DS and control participants presented similar values for the electrodermal response to acute exercise. The resting SWA viii energy expenditure estimates did not differ from the open circuit spirometry values, however they were poorly correlated. There were no differences between Kelly & Rimmer estimates and BIA assessments prior and after training. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training in both DS groups was effective in eliciting: (1) higher functional capacity, (2) normalization effect of resting and submaximal cardiorespiratory economy. The exercise program improved EG1 participants’ body composition. EG2 increased upper and lower body strength after training. Apparently, DS individuals’ electrodermal response to exercise is similar to that of healthy controls. The SWA is a valid tool for assessing resting energy expenditure of groups of DS or healthy individuals, but not on an individual basis; and finally, the Kelly & Rimmer equation is valid and reliable for body composition assessments in DS adults. |
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| Autores principais: | Mendonça, Gonçalo Laima Vilhena de |
| Assunto: | Body composition Down's syndrome Energy Exercise Expenditure Functional capacity Capacidade funcional Composição corporal Dispêndio energético Exercício Trissomia 21 |
| Ano: | 2008 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | dissertação de mestrado |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Lisboa |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| Resumo: | OBJECTIVES: Determine the chronic effects of exercise on body composition, functional capacity, exercise economy and dynamic muscle strength in adults with Down’s syndrome (DS). Explore differences, in electrodermal response to an acute exercise bout, between DS participants and healthy controls. Crossvalidate an energy expenditure estimating device for both, the DS and control group (CG). Crossvalidate an anthropometric equation for assessing body composition in DS individuals. METHODS: DS participants were assigned to one of the following groups: (1) indoor rowing aerobic program – EG1; (2) combined aerobic and dynamic strength conditioning program – EG2. Both exercise interventions had an absolute duration of 28 weeks. DS groups were compared with a paired CG before and after training for functional capacity and exercise economy. Body composition changes were determined by comparing the DS participants’ baseline and post-training values. DS group electrodermal response to exercise was assessed prior to training and compared with the values attained by the controls. Resting and submaximal energy expenditure estimates computed by the SenseWear Pro2 Armband™ (SWA) were crossvalidated with open circuit spirometry, for both the DS and the CG. Kelly & Rimmer, (1987) anthropometric body composition analysis was crossvalidated with bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIA) for DS individuals. RESULTS: EG1 and EG2 were similar for functional capacity before and after training, and these groups presented lower values than the CG at both assessment periods. However, after exercise intervention, relative peak oxygen consumption improved by 40.98% and by 23.73% for EG1 and EG2, respectively. At posttraining period, both EG1 and EG2 presented similar resting and submaximal cardiorespiratory economy as healthy controls. There were no body composition group differences at pre and post-training assessments. However, EG1 showed positive body composition modifications of 5.02% fat mass decrease and 6.46% fat free mass increase. EG2 showed upper and lower body dynamic strength differences after intervention. Both the DS and control participants presented similar values for the electrodermal response to acute exercise. The resting SWA viii energy expenditure estimates did not differ from the open circuit spirometry values, however they were poorly correlated. There were no differences between Kelly & Rimmer estimates and BIA assessments prior and after training. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise training in both DS groups was effective in eliciting: (1) higher functional capacity, (2) normalization effect of resting and submaximal cardiorespiratory economy. The exercise program improved EG1 participants’ body composition. EG2 increased upper and lower body strength after training. Apparently, DS individuals’ electrodermal response to exercise is similar to that of healthy controls. The SWA is a valid tool for assessing resting energy expenditure of groups of DS or healthy individuals, but not on an individual basis; and finally, the Kelly & Rimmer equation is valid and reliable for body composition assessments in DS adults. |
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