Publicação
Osteochondrosis of the distal aspect of the sagittal ridge of the third metacarpal bone in horses : a clinical, radiographic and arthroscopic description
| Resumo: | Osteochondrosis is a developmental orthopedic disease and is one of the most prevalent degenerative articular diseases in domestic animals. Osteochondrosis is characterized by a defect in endochondral ossification that is usually localized, bilateral, and in predisposed sites. This defect occurs due to a failure in blood supply to growth cartilage, which leads to ischemic chondronecrosis, however, the primary causes of vascular failure are still not known to the full extent. In horses, the fetlock joint is one of the most affected joints and lesions can be present anywhere within the articular structure, however, the most common lesion sites are the dorsal sagittal ridge and the condyles of the cannon bone. Lesions at the distal aspect of the sagittal ridge of the cannon bone are scarcely documented in scientific papers, and there is only a single article addressing lesions at this site. The main aim of this dissertation is therefore to provide an evaluation of the clinical signs, the radiographic changes, and the arthroscopic findings of six horses suffering from osteochondrosis lesions at the distal aspect of the sagittal ridge of the metacarpus. It is possible to conclude with this study that osteochondrosis lesions at the distal aspect of the sagittal ridge were most common in the forelimbs and most of them had a distinct shape macroscopically (plate-like shape) and radiographically (linear radiopacities). The most common clinical signs were effusion and a positive response to the active flexion test. For the diagnosis of these lesions, it is crucial to realize that the best projection for detection is the flexed lateromedial of the fetlock. Considering that this is not a standard projection of the fetlock and that these lesions are not detected in extended lateromedial, lesions here might be currently underdiagnosed in equine practice. Ultimately, arthroscopy is the preferred treatment option in most cases due to its high success rate, and because it provides a clear visualization of the whole joint and enables the detection of lesions that might go unnoticed in radiographs. This dissertation thus stands as a contribution to the understanding and exploration of osteochondrosis lesions in this understudied anatomical site. Nevertheless, further studies with a more extensive sample size are needed in order to fill a gap in the existing knowledge of this disease and reach more robust and consistent conclusions |
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| Autores principais: | Macedo, Maria da Conceição Líbano Monteiro da Costa |
| Assunto: | Osteochondrosis Osteochondritis Dissecans Sagittal Ridge Fetlock Horse Osteocondrose Osteocondrite Dissecante Crista Sagital Boleto Equino |
| Ano: | 2024 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | dissertação de mestrado |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Lisboa |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa |
| Resumo: | Osteochondrosis is a developmental orthopedic disease and is one of the most prevalent degenerative articular diseases in domestic animals. Osteochondrosis is characterized by a defect in endochondral ossification that is usually localized, bilateral, and in predisposed sites. This defect occurs due to a failure in blood supply to growth cartilage, which leads to ischemic chondronecrosis, however, the primary causes of vascular failure are still not known to the full extent. In horses, the fetlock joint is one of the most affected joints and lesions can be present anywhere within the articular structure, however, the most common lesion sites are the dorsal sagittal ridge and the condyles of the cannon bone. Lesions at the distal aspect of the sagittal ridge of the cannon bone are scarcely documented in scientific papers, and there is only a single article addressing lesions at this site. The main aim of this dissertation is therefore to provide an evaluation of the clinical signs, the radiographic changes, and the arthroscopic findings of six horses suffering from osteochondrosis lesions at the distal aspect of the sagittal ridge of the metacarpus. It is possible to conclude with this study that osteochondrosis lesions at the distal aspect of the sagittal ridge were most common in the forelimbs and most of them had a distinct shape macroscopically (plate-like shape) and radiographically (linear radiopacities). The most common clinical signs were effusion and a positive response to the active flexion test. For the diagnosis of these lesions, it is crucial to realize that the best projection for detection is the flexed lateromedial of the fetlock. Considering that this is not a standard projection of the fetlock and that these lesions are not detected in extended lateromedial, lesions here might be currently underdiagnosed in equine practice. Ultimately, arthroscopy is the preferred treatment option in most cases due to its high success rate, and because it provides a clear visualization of the whole joint and enables the detection of lesions that might go unnoticed in radiographs. This dissertation thus stands as a contribution to the understanding and exploration of osteochondrosis lesions in this understudied anatomical site. Nevertheless, further studies with a more extensive sample size are needed in order to fill a gap in the existing knowledge of this disease and reach more robust and consistent conclusions |
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