Publicação
Validation of the Bi-Parietal Diameter Measurements Criteria for Safe Elective Cesarean Sections across Canine Breeds
| Resumo: | Current guidelines suggest elective cesarean sections (CS) should occur after progesterone levels drop below 2 ng/ml or about 21.3 hours following aglepristone administration (15 mg/kg, SC), typically given 59 – 60 days post-ovulation (Lévy et al., 2009). However, some practitioners perform CS not adhering to guidelines, opting for the procedure at 61 – 62 days post-ovulation, guided by careful monitoring of the bitche’s cycle or when the Bi-Parietal Diameter (BPD) indicates imminent delivery within 1 – 2 days. The aim of this dissertation is to confirm the safety and efficacy of using the BPD values as a reference for successful and risk-free CS. Data from 2016 to 2024 were gathered from 39 dams aged from 9 months to 7 years and 2 months, representing diverse breeds (n=14). Three dams were included twice due to BPD measurements in two separate pregnancies. Exclusions comprised three dams with no neonatal survival data and one dam with a delayed CS resulting in all pup deaths, yielding 39 pregnancies for analysis. Pregnancy was diagnosed via transabdominal ultrasound within 21 – 25 days post-ovulation. CS timing was determined using formulae outlined by Lopate et al. (2018) and Coulon (2013), and, on average, 2 – 3 pups per litter had their BPD measured. For each CS, the number of puppies formed and that survived the surgery were recorded. Postsurgical survival rates ranged from 67% to 100%, with 35 CS achieving 100% survival. CS were performed based on BPD values, regardless of progesterone levels or aglepristone administration. This practice has been implemented at Clinique Vétérinaire des Portes du Gers (CRECS) since 2011, though only recent data could be collected. By optimizing the formulae for a 1–2 day delivery window, we identified minimum acceptable BPD values for safe CS: 25.7 – 26.3 mm for small dogs, 29.9 – 30.6 mm for medium dogs, and 28.5 – 29.3 mm for large dogs. Notably, thresholds for Yorkshires (23.0 – 23.6 mm) and French Bulldogs (28.5 – 29.7 mm) highlighted breed-specific considerations. In conclusion, the data suggest that the cited BPD values reliably indicate safe and low-risk CS, as shown by post-surgical survival values. Further research on larger datasets and on specific breeds would be of interest for advancing veterinary obstetrics and neonatology, enhancing perinatal care for dams and offspring. |
|---|---|
| Autores principais: | Casimiro, Eduarda Filipa Marques Antunes Tomás |
| Assunto: | Bi-Parietal Diameter Dogs Obstetrics Elective Cesarian Section |
| Ano: | 2024 |
| País: | Portugal |
| Tipo de documento: | dissertação de mestrado |
| Tipo de acesso: | acesso aberto |
| Instituição associada: | Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro |
| Idioma: | inglês |
| Origem: | Repositório da UTAD |
| Resumo: | Current guidelines suggest elective cesarean sections (CS) should occur after progesterone levels drop below 2 ng/ml or about 21.3 hours following aglepristone administration (15 mg/kg, SC), typically given 59 – 60 days post-ovulation (Lévy et al., 2009). However, some practitioners perform CS not adhering to guidelines, opting for the procedure at 61 – 62 days post-ovulation, guided by careful monitoring of the bitche’s cycle or when the Bi-Parietal Diameter (BPD) indicates imminent delivery within 1 – 2 days. The aim of this dissertation is to confirm the safety and efficacy of using the BPD values as a reference for successful and risk-free CS. Data from 2016 to 2024 were gathered from 39 dams aged from 9 months to 7 years and 2 months, representing diverse breeds (n=14). Three dams were included twice due to BPD measurements in two separate pregnancies. Exclusions comprised three dams with no neonatal survival data and one dam with a delayed CS resulting in all pup deaths, yielding 39 pregnancies for analysis. Pregnancy was diagnosed via transabdominal ultrasound within 21 – 25 days post-ovulation. CS timing was determined using formulae outlined by Lopate et al. (2018) and Coulon (2013), and, on average, 2 – 3 pups per litter had their BPD measured. For each CS, the number of puppies formed and that survived the surgery were recorded. Postsurgical survival rates ranged from 67% to 100%, with 35 CS achieving 100% survival. CS were performed based on BPD values, regardless of progesterone levels or aglepristone administration. This practice has been implemented at Clinique Vétérinaire des Portes du Gers (CRECS) since 2011, though only recent data could be collected. By optimizing the formulae for a 1–2 day delivery window, we identified minimum acceptable BPD values for safe CS: 25.7 – 26.3 mm for small dogs, 29.9 – 30.6 mm for medium dogs, and 28.5 – 29.3 mm for large dogs. Notably, thresholds for Yorkshires (23.0 – 23.6 mm) and French Bulldogs (28.5 – 29.7 mm) highlighted breed-specific considerations. In conclusion, the data suggest that the cited BPD values reliably indicate safe and low-risk CS, as shown by post-surgical survival values. Further research on larger datasets and on specific breeds would be of interest for advancing veterinary obstetrics and neonatology, enhancing perinatal care for dams and offspring. |
|---|