Author(s):
Freitas, David ; Rocha, Diana ; Santos, Joana ; Noro, Jennifer Martins ; Tavares, Tânia D. ; Teixeira, Marta O. ; Araújo, Daniela ; Castro, Joana Isabel Reis ; Almeida, Carina ; Silva, Sónia Carina ; Felgueiras, Helena P. ; Ribeiro, Artur ; Venâncio, Armando ; Cavaco-Paulo, Artur ; Silva, C.
Date: 2025
Persistent ID: https://hdl.handle.net/1822/94781
Origin: RepositóriUM - Universidade do Minho
Project/scholarship:
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04469%2F2020/PT;
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/POR_NORTE/SFRH%2FBD%2F147190%2F2019/PT;
info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/POR_NORTE/2020.06046.BD/PT;
Subject(s): Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES); Translucent NADES-in-oil emulsions; Essential oils; Cosmetics
Description
The following supporting information can be downloaded at: https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/pr13020374/s1, Figure S1: TGA degradation steps (a) and TGA thermograms (b) and c) of all the produced TEs.; Table S1: Compounds identified in olive oil by GC-MS.; Table S2: Compounds identified in thyme oil by GC-MS.; Table S3: Compounds identified in oregano oil by GC-MS.; Table S4: Evaluation of the inhibition of tyrosinase and elastase by essential oils and respective TE.
This research aims to explore the potential benefits of natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) in formulating translucent NADES-in-oil emulsions (TEs) containing essential oils (EOs) for cosmetic applications. The TEs investigated in this study are based on previous formulations, consisting of 50 wt.% egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC), 20 wt.% ethanol, 20 wt.% olive oil (OlO), thyme oil (TO), or oregano oil (OrO), and 10 wt.% NADES made from a 1:1 or 1:4 ratio of lactic acid and glycerol (LA). These emulsions exhibit high antioxidant activity, attributed to the terpenes present in the essential oils, such as thymol in TO and carvacrol in OrO. The TEs containing TO and OrO demonstrated a more fluid consistency, along with a more appealing texture and fragrance compared to the OlO control. Additionally, these emulsions exhibited the ability to permeate pig skin, as well as significant antifungal and antibacterial activity, and low toxicity in the Galleria mellonella larval model. Overall, the findings expand the potential applications of NADES, particularly in the development of translucent emulsions with EO for treating microbial skin and nail infections.
This study was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the scope of the strategic funding of UIDB/04469/2020 unit, and by LABBELS—Associate Laboratory in Biotechnology, Bioengineering and Microelectromechanical Systems, LA/P/0029/2020. D.S.F. also thanks to FCT for funding (SFRH/BD/147190/2019). T.T. and M.T. thanks to FCT for funding (2020.06046.BD and 2021.06906.BD). J.C. and D.A. also thank FCT for the CEEC Individual (DOI: 10.54499/2022.06886.CEECIND/CP1737/CT0001, and 2023.06040.CEECIND, respectively). S.S. also thanks FCT for the CEEC Institutional (DOI: 10.54499/CEECINST/00018/2021/CP2806/CT0003). A.R. thanks FCT for its contract under the CEEC-Individual-4th Edition with the reference 2021.02803.CEECIND (DOI: 10.54499/2021.02803.CEECIND/CP1664/CT0018). The authors acknowledge the support of the MIRRI-PT (Polo Norte) project (PINFRA04/84445/2020) funded by European Regional Development Fund under Norte2020—Programa Operacional Regional do Norte.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
